Related trials
		 
			
				 
				
					ACCOMPLISH (diabetic subgroup), 2010 - benazepril + amlodipine  vs benazepril + hydrochlorothiazide
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ACCORD blood pressure, 2010 - more intensive blood pressure lowering strategie  vs less intensive blood pressure lowering strategie
				
			 
			
				 
				
					AVOID, 2008 - aliskiren  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ABCD (N), 2002 - more intensive blood pressure lowering strategie  vs less intensive blood pressure lowering strategie
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ALLHAT (lisi vs chlor, diabetic subgroup), 2002 - lisinopril  vs chlorthalidone
				
			 
			
				 
				
					LIFE (diabetic subgroup), 2002 - losartan  vs atenolol
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ALLHAT (amlodipine vs chlor, diabetic subgroup), 2002 - amlodipine  vs chlorthalidone
				
			 
			
				 
				
					IPDM, 2001 - irbesartan  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					IDNT amlodipine, 2001 - amlodipine  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					RENAAL, 2001 - losartan  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					IDNT irbesartan, 2001 - Irbesartan  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					IDNT (irbesartan vs amlodipine), 2001 - Irbesartan  vs amlodipine
				
			 
			
				 
				
					STOP-2  CCB (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - calcium-channel blocker  vs diuretic or beta-blocker
				
			 
			
				 
				
					INSIGHT (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - Nifedipine  vs coamilozide
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ABCD (H), 2000 - more intensive blood pressure lowering strategie  vs less intensive blood pressure lowering strategie
				
			 
			
				 
				
					NORDIL (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - Diltiazem  vs diuretic or beta-blocker
				
			 
			
				 
				
					STOP-2 (ACEI vs CCB) (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - ACE inhibitor  vs CCB
				
			 
			
				 
				
					HOPE (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - ACE inhibitor  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					STOP-2 ACEI (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - ACE inhibitor  vs diuretic or beta-blocker
				
			 
			
				 
				
					CAPP (diabetic subgroup), 1999 - captopril  vs diuretic or beta-blocker
				
			 
			
				 
				
					Syst-Eur (diabetic subgroup), 1999 - nitrendipine  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ABCD, 1998 - nisoldipine  vs enalapril
				
			 
			
				 
				
					UKPDS 38, 1998 - captopril or atenolol  vs control
				
			 
			
				 
				
					UKPDS 39, 1998 - captopril  vs atenolol
				
			 
			
				 
				
					FACET, 1997 - amlodipine  vs fosinopril
				
			 
		 
		 
		 
		
		See also:
		 
			
				
					All diabetes clinical trials
				
			
			
				
					All hypertension clinical trials
				
			
		
			
			All clinical trials of anti hypertensive agent 
			
		
		
			
			All clinical trials of Diltiazem 
			
		
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	Treatments
	
	
		| Studied treatment | 
		
		Diltiazem 180360 mg diltiazem daily at step one
		 
		
		In step two, an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor was added, and in step three, a diuretic or alpha-blocker was added to the ACE inhibitor. Any other antihypertensive compound could be added as step four.
		
		 | 
	 
	
		| Control treatment | 
		
		thiazide diuretic or
a beta-blocker at step one
		 
		
		in step two, the two were combined. In step three an ACE inhibitor or alpha-blocker was added. In step four, any other antihypertensive compound could be added except a calcium antagonist
		
		 | 
	 
	 
	
	
	
	Patients
	
		
			| Patients | 
			diabetic patients (subgroup), aged 50-74 years  who had diastolic blood pressure of 100 mm Hg or more | 
		 
				| Baseline characteristics | 
					
											
					 | 
				 
	 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	Method and design
	
	
		| Randomized effectives | 
		351 / 376 (studied vs. control) | 
	 
		
			| Design | 
			Parallel groups | 
		 
		
			| Blinding | 
			open | 
		 
		
			| Follow-up duration | 
			4.5 y | 
		 
		
			| Number of centre | 
			1032 | 
		 
		
			| Geographic area | 
			Norway, Sweden | 
		 
		
			| Hypothesis | 
			Superiority | 
		 
		
			| Primary endpoint | 
			CV events | 
		 
	
	 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
  
	Results	
	
	
	
		
	
	
		
			Endpoint
		
	
	
		
		Studied treat. n/N
			
	
	
		
		Control treat. n/N
		
	
	
		
			Graph
		
	
	
		
			RR [95% CI]
		
	
	
		
			
				
				cardiovascular event (fatal and non fatal) 
				 
			
		
			
				
				NA / 10881 
				
			
			
				
				NA / 0 
				
			
		
			
				
					
					
					
					
				
			
				
				
			
			
		
			
				
					1,01 [0,66;1,54]
				
			
	
	
		
			
				
				All cause death
				 
			
		
			
				
				NA / 10881 
				
			
			
				
				NA / 0 
				
			
		
			
				
					
					
					
					
				
			
				
				
			
			
		
			
				
					1,07 [0,63;1,82]
				
			
	
	
		
		
		
		
		
			
				0
			
		
		
		
		
		
				2
		
		
		
		
		
			1.0
		
	
  
 
	 
		
	
		
		
				
					| 
						Relative risks
					 | 
				 
			
			| Endpoint | 
			Events (%) | 
			Relative Risk | 
			95% CI | 
			Endpoint definition in the trial | 
			Ref | 
			 
			
			| Studied treat. | 
			Control treat. | 
			 
					
					
					
					
					
					
					
					
					
					
		
			| 
			The primary endpoint (if exists) appears in blod characters
			 | 
		 
		
			| 
			Reference(s) used for data extraction: 
			 | 
		 
		 
		
		
			
			| Endpoint | 
			studied treat. | 
			control treat. | 
			mean diff | 
			 
		 
	 
	
	
	
				
					| 
						Absolute risk reduction 
					 | 
				 
	
		| Endpoint | 
		Events rate | 
		Absolute risk reduction (ARR) | 
	 
	
		| Studied treat. | 
		Control treat. | 
	 
	 	
	 
Meta-analysis of all similar trials: 
			
				
					anti hypertensive agent in diabetes for type1 and 2 diabetic patients with hypertension
				
			 
			
				
					anti hypertensive agent in hypertension for diabetic patients 
				
			 
	
  
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
		 
		Reference(s)
	
	
	
			- 
				
			    Hansson L, Hedner T, Lund-Johansen P, Kjeldsen SE, Lindholm LH, Syvertsen JO, Lanke J, de Faire U, Dahlöf B, Karlberg BE. 
			    Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and beta-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study..
			    Lancet 2000;356:359-65
			    
 
				
					 
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