Related trials
		 
			
				 
				
					ACCOMPLISH (diabetic subgroup), 2010 - benazepril + amlodipine  vs benazepril + hydrochlorothiazide
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ACCORD blood pressure, 2010 - more intensive blood pressure lowering strategie  vs less intensive blood pressure lowering strategie
				
			 
			
				 
				
					AVOID, 2008 - aliskiren  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ABCD (N), 2002 - more intensive blood pressure lowering strategie  vs less intensive blood pressure lowering strategie
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ALLHAT (lisi vs chlor, diabetic subgroup), 2002 - lisinopril  vs chlorthalidone
				
			 
			
				 
				
					LIFE (diabetic subgroup), 2002 - losartan  vs atenolol
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ALLHAT (amlodipine vs chlor, diabetic subgroup), 2002 - amlodipine  vs chlorthalidone
				
			 
			
				 
				
					IPDM, 2001 - irbesartan  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					IDNT amlodipine, 2001 - amlodipine  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					RENAAL, 2001 - losartan  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					IDNT irbesartan, 2001 - Irbesartan  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					IDNT (irbesartan vs amlodipine), 2001 - Irbesartan  vs amlodipine
				
			 
			
				 
				
					STOP-2  CCB (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - calcium-channel blocker  vs diuretic or beta-blocker
				
			 
			
				 
				
					INSIGHT (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - Nifedipine  vs coamilozide
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ABCD (H), 2000 - more intensive blood pressure lowering strategie  vs less intensive blood pressure lowering strategie
				
			 
			
				 
				
					NORDIL (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - Diltiazem  vs diuretic or beta-blocker
				
			 
			
				 
				
					STOP-2 (ACEI vs CCB) (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - ACE inhibitor  vs CCB
				
			 
			
				 
				
					HOPE (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - ACE inhibitor  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					STOP-2 ACEI (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - ACE inhibitor  vs diuretic or beta-blocker
				
			 
			
				 
				
					CAPP (diabetic subgroup), 1999 - captopril  vs diuretic or beta-blocker
				
			 
			
				 
				
					Syst-Eur (diabetic subgroup), 1999 - nitrendipine  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ABCD, 1998 - nisoldipine  vs enalapril
				
			 
			
				 
				
					UKPDS 38, 1998 - captopril or atenolol  vs control
				
			 
			
				 
				
					UKPDS 39, 1998 - captopril  vs atenolol
				
			 
			
				 
				
					FACET, 1997 - amlodipine  vs fosinopril
				
			 
		 
		 
		 
		
		See also:
		 
			
				
					All diabetes clinical trials
				
			
			
				
					All hypertension clinical trials
				
			
		
			
			All clinical trials of anti hypertensive agent 
			
		
		
			
			All clinical trials of benazepril + amlodipine 
			
		
	 | 
	
		 
	 | 
	
	Treatments
	
	
		| Studied treatment | 
		
		benazepril, combined with amlodipine
		 
		
		starting doses of benazepril 20 mg/day plus amlodipine 5 mg/day. amlodipine dose could be increased to 10 mg/day if required to achieve a target blood pressure goal of 
		 | 
	 
	
		| Control treatment | 
		
		benazepril, combined with hydrochlorothiazide
		 
		
		starting doses of benazepril 20 mg/day plus hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg/day. hydrochlorothiazide dose could be increased to 25 mg/day if required to achieve a target blood pressure goal of 
		 | 
	 
		
			| Remarks | 
			if needed investigators could
add other antihypertensive agents as beta-blockers, clonidine,
alpha-blockers, and spironolactone | 
		 
	 
	
	
	
	Patients
	
		
			| Patients | 
			patients with diabetes (subgroup) and hypertension at high risk of cardiovascular and related events | 
		 
		
			| Inclusion criteria | 
			>=60 years of age; systolic BP >=160 mm Hg or currently on antihypertensive therapy; evidence of cardiovascular or renal disease or target organ damage; patients aged 55 to 59 years are eligible if they have evidence of two or more of the cardiovascular diseases or target organ damage | 
		 
		
			| Exclusion criteria | 
			current evidence
for angina pectoris; history of
symptomatic heart failure or evidence of left ventricular
ejection fraction 
		 |  
		
			| Remarks | 
			Of the all 11505 patients included in the trial, 6946 had diabetes (and 2842 high risk diabetes) | 
		 
				| Baseline characteristics | 
					
					
						
							| Glycosylated hemoglobin | 
							NA  | 
						 
						
							| BP (systolic/diastolic) | 
							145.2/79.3 mmHg  | 
						 
						
							| Female (%) | 
							43%  | 
						 
						
							| Age | 
							67.5 y  | 
						 
						
							| subgroup | 
							yes  | 
						 
						
							| hypertension (%) | 
							100%  | 
						 
					 						
					 | 
				 
	 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	Method and design
	
	
		| Randomized effectives | 
		3478 / 3468 (studied vs. control) | 
	 
		
			| Design | 
			Parallel groups | 
		 
		
			| Blinding | 
			double-blind | 
		 
		
			| Follow-up duration | 
			36 months | 
		 
		
			| Number of centre | 
			548 | 
		 
		
			| Geographic area | 
			US, Norway, Denmark, Finland | 
		 
		
			| Hypothesis | 
			Superiority | 
		 
		
			| Primary endpoint | 
			cardiovascular morbidity and mortality | 
		 
	
	 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
  
	Results	
	
	
	
		
	
	
		
			Endpoint
		
	
	
		
		Studied treat. n/N
			
	
	
		
		Control treat. n/N
		
	
	
		
			Graph
		
	
	
		
			RR [95% CI]
		
	
	
		
			
				
				cardiovascular event (fatal and non fatal) 
				 
			
		
			
				
				307 / 3478 
				
			
			
				
				383 / 3468 
				
			
		
			
				
					
					
					
					
				
			
				
				
			
			
		
			
				
					0,80 [0,69;0,92]
				
			
	
	
		
		
		
		
		
			
				0
			
		
		
		
		
		
				2
		
		
		
		
		
			1.0
		
	
  
 
	 
		
	
		
		
				
					| 
						Relative risks
					 | 
				 
			
			| Endpoint | 
			Events (%) | 
			Relative Risk | 
			95% CI | 
			Endpoint definition in the trial | 
			Ref | 
			 
			
			| Studied treat. | 
			Control treat. | 
			 
					
					
					
					
						| 
							cardiovascular event (fatal and non fatal) 
						 | 
						307 / 3478 (8,8%) | 
						383 / 3468 (11,0%) | 
						0,80 | 
						[0,69;0,92] | 
						  | 
						13212  | 
					 
					
					
					
					
					
					
		
			| 
			The primary endpoint (if exists) appears in blod characters
			 | 
		 
		
			| 
			Reference(s) used for data extraction: 
				
					13212: Weber MA, Bakris GL, Jamerson K, Weir M, Kjeldsen SE, Devereux RB, Velazquez EJ, Dahlöf B, Kelly RY, Hua TA, Hester A, Pitt BCardiovascular events during differing hypertension therapies in patients with diabetes.J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:77-85
				
			 | 
		 
		 
		
		
			
			| Endpoint | 
			studied treat. | 
			control treat. | 
			mean diff | 
			 
		 
	 
	
	
	
				
					| 
						Absolute risk reduction 
					 | 
				 
	
		| Endpoint | 
		Events rate | 
		Absolute risk reduction (ARR) | 
	 
	
		| Studied treat. | 
		Control treat. | 
	 
			
				| cardiovascular event (fatal and non fatal)  | 
				8,83% | 
				11,04% | 
				
					-22,2‰
				 | 
			 
	 	
	 
Meta-analysis of all similar trials: 
			
				
					anti hypertensive agent in diabetes for type1 and 2 diabetic patients with hypertension
				
			 
			
				
					anti hypertensive agent in hypertension for diabetic patients 
				
			 
	
  
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
		 
		Reference(s)
	
	
	
			- 
				
			    Weber MA, Bakris GL, Jamerson K, Weir M, Kjeldsen SE, Devereux RB, Velazquez EJ, Dahlöf B, Kelly RY, Hua TA, Hester A, Pitt B. 
			    Cardiovascular events during differing hypertension therapies in patients with diabetes..
			    J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:77-85
					- 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.046
			    
 
				
					 
					Pubmed
				 	
				|
				
					Hubmed
				
				| Fulltext
		 
		
			- 
				
			    Jamerson K, Weber MA, Bakris GL, Dahlöf B, Pitt B, Shi V, Hester A, Gupte J, Gatlin M, Velazquez EJ. 
			    Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients..
			    N Engl J Med 2008;359:2417-28
					- 10.1056/NEJMoa0806182
			    
 
				
					 
					Pubmed
				 	
				|
				
					Hubmed
				
				| Fulltext
		 
		
	 	
			 
			
			
			 
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