| nivolumab versus standard treatment | |||
| Checkmate-141, 2016 NCT02105636 | nivolumab (at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight) every 2 weeks versus standard, single-agent systemic therapy (methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab). | patients with recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck whose disease had progressed within 6 months after platinum-based chemotherapy | open-label | 
| pembrolizumab versus standard treatment | |||
| KEYNOTE-040, NCT02252042 | pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenous (IV) on Day 1 of each 3-week cycle versus standard treatment (methotrexate, docetaxel or cetuximab) | patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer | open-design | 
                    
                    
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