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antithrombotics in thrombosis prevention for medical patients, clinical trials results

apixaban versus enoxaparin
ADOPT, 2011
NCT00457002
apixaban, administered orally at a dose of 2.5 mg twice daily for 30 days
versus
enoxaparin, administered subcutaneously at a dose of 40 mg once daily for 6 to 14 days
acutely ill patients who had congestive heart failure or respiratory failure or other medical disorders and at least one additional risk factor for venous thromboembolism and who were hospitalized with an expected stay of at least 3 daysdouble-blind
Follow-up duration: 30 days
aspirin + dipyridamol versus control
Chicago, 1982
aspirin, 300 mg bid, and dipyridamole, 75 mg tid
versus
control
patients with acute spinal cord injury open
aspirin + dipyridamol versus placebo
Frankfurt, 1981
A+Dip,A1320
versus
placebo
patients with myocardial infarctiondouble-blind
betrixaban versus enoxaparin
APEX, 2016
NCT01583218
betrixaban (at a dose of 80 mg once daily) for 35 to 42 days
versus
subcutaneous enoxaparin (at a dose of 40 mg once daily) for 10±4 days
Patients who were hospitalized for acute medical illnesses and with an elevated d-dimer leveldouble-blind
certoparin versus UFH
CERTIFY, 2010

versus
dalteparin versus placebo
Leizorovicz, 2004
Dalteparin 5000E once daily, 1' days
versus
placebo
Congestive heart failure (NYHA III–IV), acute or chronic respiratory disease, infectious and rheumatologic diseasedouble blind
Follow-up duration: 21 days
dalteparin versus UFH
PROTECT, 2011
NCT00182143
subcutaneous dalteparin 5000 IU once daily
versus
unfractionated heparin 5000 IU twice daily
critically ill patientsdouble-blind
Canada, Australia, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, US, UK
dipyridamol + ASA versus placebo
Denver-Il , 1980
dipyridamole 100 mg a day and aspirin 1200 mg a day
versus
placebo
patients with recurring venous thromboembolism double-blind
Follow-up duration: 18 months
enoxaparin versus placebo
LIFENOX, 2011
NCT00622648
subcutaneous enoxaparin 40 mg daily for 10±4 days
versus
placebo
hospitalized, acutely ill medical patientsdouble-blind
Follow-up duration: 30 days
China, India, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, and Tunisia
Enoxaparin versus placebo
Lederle, 2006
Enoxaparin 40 mg once daily, until hospital discharge
versus
placebo
Hospitalization in general medical unitdouble blind
Follow-up duration: 90 days
MEDENOX, 1999
Enoxaparin 20 mg or 40 mg once daily, 6–14 days
versus
placebo
Acute decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with mechanical ventilationdouble blind
Follow-up duration: 6-14 days
enoxaparin versus UFH
Bergmann and Neuhart, 1996
enoxaparin 20 mg once daily for 10 days
versus
unfractionated heparin (UFH) 5000 IU twice daily
elderly in-patients bedridden for an acute medical illnessdouble-blind
Follow-up duration: 10 days
Lechler, 1996
enoxaparin 40 mg
versus
unfractionated heparin (Ca-heparin), 3 x 5,000 U)
hospitalized medical patientsdouble-blind
Follow-up duration: 7 days
Kleber, 2003
enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 +/2 days
versus
UFH 5000 IU 3 times daily for 10 +/2 days
severe respiratory disease or heart failureopen
Follow-up duration: 10 +/- 2 days
Germany
Extended-duration prophylaxis versus error
EXCLAIM, 2010
NCT00077753
Enoxaparin, 40 mg/d subcutaneously (for 28 +/-4 days after receiving openlabel enoxaparin for an initial 10+/-4 days
versus
placebo for 28 +/-4 days after receiving openlabel enoxaparin for an initial 10+/-4 days.
Acutely Ill Medical Patients With Recently Reduced Mobilitydouble-blind
Follow-up duration: 28 days
North and South America
fondaparinux versus enoxaparin
BRiEF,
NCT00521885
fondaparinux 2.5mg qd
versus
enoxaparin 40mg qd
acute medically ill, non-surgical patients
Germany
fondaparinux versus placebo
ARTEMIS (Cohen), 2006
Fondaparinux 2.5 mg once daily for 6–14 days
versus
placebo
High-risk medical patientsdouble blind
Follow-up duration: 6-15 days
8 countries
LMWH versus UFH
Harenberg, 1990
1 x 1.500 aPTT units of a LMW heparin fraction
versus
3 x 5.000 IU of an unfractionated heparin
patients aged 40-80 yearsdouble-blind
Follow-up duration: 10 days
Harenberg, 1996
1 daily subcutaneous administration of LMW heparin for 10 days
versus
3 x 5,000 IU unfractionated (UF) heparin for 10 days
medical inpatientsdouble-blind
Follow-up duration: 10 days
nadroparin versus placebo
Bergmann, 1996
nadroparin 7500 u anti-Xa once daily
versus
placebo
hospitalized medical
Follow-up duration: up to 21
Nadroparin versus placebo
Fraisse, 2000
Nadroparin 3800–5700E once daily, Until no longer mechanical ventilation, <=21 days
versus
placebo
Acute decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasewith mechanical ventilationdouble blind
Follow-up duration: <=21 days
Mahe, 2005
nadroparin 7500E once daily, Until hospital discharge, <=21 days
versus
placebo
Congestive heart failure (NYHA III–IV), acute or respiratory disease, nonpulmonary sepsis, cancerdouble blind
Follow-up duration: <=21 days
Pharmuka versus placebo
Dahan, 1986
Pharmuka 60 mg once daily, Until hospital discharge,<=10 days
versus
placebo
Congestive heart failure (NYHA III–IV), acute or respiratory infectious diseasedouble blind
Follow-up duration: <10 days
rivaroxaban versus placebo
MARINER, 2018
NCT02111564
once-daily rivaroxaban at a dose of 10 mg (with the dose adjusted for renal insufficiency) , begun at hospital discharge and continued for 45 days
versus
placebo
high-risk medical patients : medically ill patients who were at increasedrisk for venous thromboembolism on the basis of a modified International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) score of 4 or higher (scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating a higher risk of venous thromboembolism) or a score of 2 or 3 plus a plasma d-dimer level of more than twice the upper limit of the normal range (defined according to local laboratory criteria)double blind
ticlopidine versus placebo
McKenna-II , 1983
Ticlopidine
versus
placebo
high risk (post CVA) medical patients double-blind
UFH versus control
Blech, 1981
Unfractionated heparin, 5000 U trice daily, until mobilized
versus
control
Heart failure, chest infectionopen
Follow-up duration: <=14 days
Cade, 0
Unfractionated heparin, 5000 U twice daily, until mobilized or <=10 days
versus
Age >40, complete bed rest, cardiac failure, obesity, previous VTE, cancer or recent surgery
Follow-up duration: <=10 days
Gardlund, 1996
Unfractionated heparin, 5000 U twice daily, until hospital discharge, <=21 days
versus
control
Age >55, infectious disease Immobilizationopen
Follow-up duration: <=60 days

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