Related trials
		 
			
				 
				
					PHS II vitamin C, 2008 - vitamin C  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					POPADAD (antioxydant), 2008 - combination  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ARISE, 2008 - succinobucol   vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					PHS II vitamin E, 2008 - vitamin E  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					WACS beta-caroten, 2007 - beta carotene  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					WACS vitamin E, 2007 - vitamin E  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					WACS vitamin C, 2007 - vitamin C  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					WHS vitamin E, 2005 - vitamin E  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					SUVIMAX, 2005 - combination  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					PHS II beta carotene, 2003 - combination  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					Tepel, 2003 - acetylcysteine  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					WAVE (Waters), 2002 - combination  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					HPS antioxidant, 2002 - combination  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					HATS, 2001 - combination  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					PPP, 2001 - vitamin E  vs control
				
			 
			
				 
				
					AREDS, 2001 - vitamin E  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					HOPE, 2000 - vitamin E  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					ASAP, 2000 - vitamin E  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					WHS beta carotene, 1999 - beta carotene  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					GISSI, 1999 - vitamin E  vs control
				
			 
			
				 
				
					NSCP (Green) beta carotene, 1999 - beta carotene  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					MVP, 1997 - combination  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					PHS beta carotene, 1996 - beta carotene  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					CARET beta carotene, 1996 - beta carotene  vs placebo
				
			 
			
				 
				
					CHAOS, 1996 - vitamin E  vs placebo
				
			 
		 
		 
		 
		
		See also:
		 
			
				
					All cardiovascular prevention clinical trials
				
			
		
			
			All clinical trials of antioxydants 
			
		
		
			
			All clinical trials of combination 
			
		
	 | 
	
		 
	 | 
	
	Treatments
	
	
		| Studied treatment | 
		
		400 IU of vitamin E every other day and
500 mg of vitamin C daily
		 
		
		
		 | 
	 
	
		| Control treatment | 
		
		placebo
		 
		
		
		 | 
	 
		
			| Remarks | 
			factorial design with : beta-caroten, vit E and ascorbic acid, multivitamin | 
		 
	 
	
	
	
	Patients
	
		
			| Patients | 
			US male physicians enrolled, aged 50 years or older | 
		 
		
			| Remarks | 
			7641 men from the PHS agreed to participate in the PHSII and, beginning in August 1997, were randomized to PHSII study treatments. Treatment assignment to beta carotene or placebo was retained from the PHS (although participants may have stopped taking beta carotene during the 18-month interval between studies), and the men were newly randomized to receive vitamin E, ascorbic acid, multivitamin, or placebo. | 
		 
	 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	Method and design
	
	
		| Randomized effectives | 
		2967 / 2989 (studied vs. control) | 
	 
		
			| Design | 
			Factorial plan | 
		 
		
			| Blinding | 
			double-blind | 
		 
		
			| Follow-up duration | 
			8 years | 
		 
		
			| Primary endpoint | 
			cardiovascular events | 
		 
	
	 
	
	
	
		Remarks / Comments
		only a substudy of cognitive function was published 
	
	
	
	
  
	Results	
	
		
			No results available for this trial
			 - no clinical endpoint reported 
		 
Meta-analysis of all similar trials: 
			
				
					antioxydants in cardiovascular prevention for primary prevention
				
			 
			
				
					antioxydants in cardiovascular prevention for all type of patients
				
			 
	
  
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
		 
		Reference(s)
	
	
	
			- 
				
			    Christen WG, Gaziano JM, Hennekens CH. 
			    Design of Physicians' Health Study II--a randomized trial of beta-carotene, vitamins E and C, and multivitamins, in prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and eye disease, and review of results of completed trials..
			    Ann Epidemiol 2000;10:125-34
			    
 
				
					 
					Pubmed
				 
				|
				
					Hubmed
				
				| Fulltext
		 
		
			- 
				
			    Grodstein F, Kang JH, Glynn RJ, Cook NR, Gaziano JM. 
			    A randomized trial of beta carotene supplementation and cognitive function in men: the Physicians' Health Study II..
			    Arch Intern Med 2007;167:2184-90
			    
 
				
					 
					Pubmed
				 
				|
				
					Hubmed
				
				| Fulltext
		 
		
			- 
				
			    Sesso HD, Buring JE, Christen WG, Kurth T, Belanger C, MacFadyen J, Bubes V, Manson JE, Glynn RJ, Gaziano JM. 
			    Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial..
			    JAMA 2008;300:2123-33
			    
 
				
					 
					Pubmed
				 
				|
				
					Hubmed
				
				| Fulltext
		 
		
	 	
			 
			
 |