miscellaneous - angiotensin-receptor blockers - all type of patients clinical trials results meta-analysis

<h1> <a href="TM9-4-angiotensin-receptor blockers-miscellaneous" > <strong>miscellaneous</strong> - angiotensin-receptor blockers </a> - all type of patients trial results systematic overview and meta-analysis </h1> <h2>Main characteristics of the included studies</h2> <table> <tr> <th>Trial</th> <th>Treatments</th> <th>Patients</th> <th>Methods</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t6741.htm"> ONTARGET (telmisartan alone), 2008 </a> <br> NCT00153101 </td> <td> telmisartan 80mg daily<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> ramipril 10 mg daily </td> <td> patients patients with coronary, peripheral, or cerebrovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage </td> <td> follow-up 4.7y<br> n=8542/8576<br> Parallel groups<br> double blind <br> 40 countries </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t6743.htm"> ONTARGET (association vs ramipril), 2008 </a> <br> NCT00153101 </td> <td> telmisartan 80mg + ramipril 10mg daily<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> ramipril 10 mg daily </td> <td> patients patients with coronary, peripheral, or cerebrovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage </td> <td> follow-up 4.7y<br> n=8502/8576<br> Parallel groups<br> double blind <br> 40 countries </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t7083.htm"> IDNT (vs placebo), 2001 </a> <br> </td> <td> Irbesartan 300mg/d (target 135/85)<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> placebo </td> <td> hypertensive patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes </td> <td> follow-up 2.6 y<br> n=579/569<br> Parallel groups<br> double-blind <br> worldwide </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t7084.htm"> RENAAL, 2001 </a> <br> </td> <td> lLosartan 50 to 100 mg once daily<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> placebo </td> <td> patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy </td> <td> follow-up 3.4 years<br> n=751/762<br> Parallel groups<br> double-blind <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t7111.htm"> VALUE, 2004 </a> <br> NCT00129233 </td> <td> valsartan based regimen<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> amlodipine based regimen </td> <td> patients, aged 50 years or older with treated or untreated hypertension and high risk of cardiac events </td> <td> follow-up 4.2 y (mean)<br> n=7649/7596<br> Parallel groups<br> Double blind <br> 31 countries </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t7112.htm"> SCOPE, 2003 </a> <br> </td> <td> candesartan, 8–16 mg once daily (target 160/90)<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> placebo </td> <td> patients aged 70–89 years, with systolic blood pressure 160– 179 mmHg, and/or diastolic blood pressure 90–99 mmHg, and a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test score > 24 </td> <td> follow-up 3.7 y (mean)<br> n=2477/2460<br> Parallel groups<br> double-blind <br> 15 countries </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t7113.htm"> LIFE, 2002 </a> <br> </td> <td> losartan<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> atenolol </td> <td> patients aged 55–80 years, with previously treated or untreated hypertension (sitting blood pressure 160–200/95–115 mm Hg) and ECG signs of LVH. </td> <td> follow-up 4.8 y (mean)<br> n=4605/4588<br> Parallel groups<br> Double blind <br> USA, Europe </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t7114.htm"> IDNT (vs amlodipine), 2001 </a> <br> </td> <td> Irbesartan 300mg/d (with a target of 135/85)<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> amlodipine 10mg/d (with a target of 135/85) </td> <td> hypertensive patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes </td> <td> follow-up 2·6y<br> n=579/567<br> Parallel groups<br> double-blind <br> worldwide </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t8402.htm"> ONTARGET (association vs telmisartan), 2008 </a> <br> NCT00153101 </td> <td> telmisartan 80mg + ramipril 10mg daily <br>  <i>versus</i> <br> telmisartan 80 mg daily </td> <td> patients patients with coronary, peripheral, or cerebrovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage </td> <td> follow-up 4.7y<br> n=8502/8542<br> Parallel groups<br> double blind <br> 40 countries </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t8595.htm"> TRANSCEND, 2008 </a> <br> NCT00153101 </td> <td> telmisartan 80 mg/day<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> placebo </td> <td> high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors </td> <td> follow-up median 56 months (IQR 51-64)<br> n=2954/2972<br> Parallel groups<br> double blind <br> 40 countries </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t9135.htm"> PROPHESS, 2008 </a> <br> NCT00153062 </td> <td> telmisartan 80 mg daily<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> placebo </td> <td> patients who recently had an ischemic stroke </td> <td> follow-up 2.5 y<br> n=10146/10186<br> Factorial plan<br> double blind <br> 35 countries </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t9886.htm"> KYOTO HEART Study, 2009 </a> <br> NCT00149227 </td> <td> valsartan (titrated up to 160mg daily targetting 140/90 or 130/80 in diabetic or renal disease)<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> non ARB, ACE treatment </td> <td> Uncontrolled hypertensive patients with high risk of cardiovascular events </td> <td> follow-up 3.27 y<br> n=1517/1514<br> Parallel groups<br> open <br> Japan </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t10422.htm"> Ruilope, 2010 </a> <br> </td> <td> LCZ696 for 8 weeks<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> placebo </td> <td> patients with mild to moderate hypertension </td> <td> follow-up 8 weeks<br> n=-9/173<br> Parallel groups<br> double blind <br> 18 countries </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t10520.htm"> TROPHY, 2006 </a> <br> NCT00227318 </td> <td> candesartan during 2y followed by 2y of placebo<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> placebo </td> <td> subjects with repeated measurements of systolic pressure of 130 to 139 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 89 mm Hg or lower, or systolic pressure of 139 mm Hg or lower and diastolic pressure of 85 to 89 mm Hg </td> <td> follow-up 4y<br> n=409/400<br> Parallel groups<br> double-blind <br> USA </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t11060.htm"> ROADMAP, 2010 </a> <br> NCT00185159 </td> <td> olmesartan at 40 mg/day<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> placebo </td> <td> patients with diabetes and at least one additional cardiovascular risk factor, but no evidence of renal dysfunction </td> <td> follow-up 3.2 y<br> n=2232/2215<br> Parallel groups<br> double-blind <br> Europe (19 countries) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t11061.htm"> ORIENT, </a> <br> NCT00141453 </td> <td> olmesartan<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> placebo </td> <td> patients with diabetic Nephropathy and overt proteinuria secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus </td> <td> follow-up <br> n=282/284<br> Parallel groups<br> double-blind <br> Japan, Hong Kong </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t12420.htm"> CASE-J, 2008 </a> <br> </td> <td> candesartan-based regimen<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> amlodipine-based regimen </td> <td> high-risk Japanese hypertensive patients </td> <td> follow-up 3.2 years<br> n=2354/2349<br> Parallel groups<br> open (blinded assessment) <br> Japan </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t12489.htm"> OSCAR, 2011 </a> <br> NCT00134160 </td> <td> high-dose olmesartan 40 mg per day<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> 20-mg/day olmesartan comined with standard dose of amlodipine or azelnidipine </td> <td> high-risk elderly Japanese hypertension patients </td> <td> follow-up <br> n=578/586<br> Parallel groups<br> <br> Japan </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t12575.htm"> ALPINE, 2003 </a> <br> </td> <td> candesartan<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> hydrochlorothiazide </td> <td> newly detected hypertensives </td> <td> follow-up 1 year<br> n=197/196<br> Parallel groups<br> double-blind <br> Sweden </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t12576.htm"> DETAIL, 2004 </a> <br> </td> <td> telmisartan 80 mg daily<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> enalapril 20 mg daily </td> <td> subjects with type 2 diabetes and early nephropathy </td> <td> follow-up 5 year<br> n=120/130<br> Parallel groups<br> double-blind <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t12577.htm"> E-COST, 2005 </a> <br> </td> <td> candesartan, 2 to 12 mg daily<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> conventional antihypertensive drugs other than angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or ARBs </td> <td> Japanese essential hypertensive subjects (sitting blood pressure 140-180/90-110 mmHg) aged 35-79 years </td> <td> follow-up <br> n=1053/995<br> Parallel groups<br> single-blind <br> Japan </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t12578.htm"> E-COST-R, 2005 </a> <br> </td> <td> candesartan<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> conventional treatment </td> <td> hypertensive subjects 60 to 75 years old with non-diabetic chronic renal insufficiency </td> <td> follow-up <br> n=69/72<br> Parallel groups<br> open <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t12579.htm"> HIJ-CREATE, 2009 </a> <br> </td> <td> angiotensin II receptor blocker-based therapy<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> non-angiotensin II receptor blocker-based therapy </td> <td> patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and hypertension </td> <td> follow-up 4.2 y (median)<br> n=1024/1025<br> Parallel groups<br> open <br> Japan </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t12580.htm"> IRMA 2, 2001 </a> <br> </td> <td> irbesartan 150 mg daily or 300 mg daily<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> placebo </td> <td> hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria </td> <td> follow-up 2 years<br> n=404/207<br> Parallel groups<br> double-blind <br> multinational </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t12581.htm"> JIKEI, 2007 </a> <br> </td> <td> valsartan (40-160 mg per day)<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> no angiotensin receptor blockers </td> <td> Japanese patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular disease </td> <td> follow-up 3.1 years<br> n=1541/1540<br> Parallel groups<br> open <br> Japan </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t12582.htm"> Suzuki, 2008 </a> <br> </td> <td> ARBs (valsartan, candesartan, and losartan)<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> no ARBs </td> <td> patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease on dialysis </td> <td> follow-up <br> n=183/183<br> Parallel groups<br> open <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="../TRC_t12583.htm"> Takahashi, 2006 </a> <br> </td> <td> candesartan<br>  <i>versus</i> <br> control </td> <td> patients on chronic haemodialysis in stable condition and with no clinical evidence of cardiac disorders </td> <td> follow-up 19.4 months<br> n=43/37<br> Parallel groups<br> open <br> </td> </tr> </table> <h2>References</h2> <p> <b>ONTARGET (telmisartan alone), 2008 : </b> Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, Schumacher H, Dagenais G, Sleight P, Anderson CTelmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. <i>N Engl J Med 2008 Apr 10;358:1547-59</i> [PMID 18378520] 10.1056/NEJMoa0801317 </p> <p> <b>ONTARGET (telmisartan alone), 2008 : </b> Verdecchia P, Sleight P, Mancia G, Fagard R, Trimarco B, Schmieder RE, Kim JH, Jennings G, Jansky P, Chen JH, Liu L, Gao P, Probstfield J, Teo K, Yusuf SEffects of telmisartan, ramipril, and their combination on left ventricular hypertrophy in individuals at high vascular risk in the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global End Point Trial and the Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE Intolerant Subjects With Cardiovascular Disease. <i>Circulation 2009;120:1380-9</i> [PMID 19770395] </p> <p> <b>ONTARGET (association vs ramipril), 2008 : </b> Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, Schumacher H, Dagenais G, Sleight P, Anderson CTelmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. <i>N Engl J Med 2008 Apr 10;358:1547-59</i> [PMID 18378520] </p> <p> <b>IDNT (vs placebo), 2001 : </b> Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB, Ritz E, Atkins RC, Rohde R, Raz IRenoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. <i>N Engl J Med 2001;345:851-60</i> [PMID 11565517] </p> <p> <b>IDNT (vs placebo), 2001 : </b> Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB, Ritz E, Atkins RC, Rohde R, Raz IRenoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. <i>N Engl J Med 2001;345:851-60</i> [PMID 11565517] </p> <p> <b>RENAAL, 2001 : </b> Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, Keane WF, Mitch WE, Parving HH, Remuzzi G, Snapinn SM, Zhang Z, Shahinfar SEffects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. <i>N Engl J Med 2001;345:861-9</i> [PMID 11565518] </p> <p> <b>VALUE, 2004 : </b> Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, Brunner HR, Ekman S, Hansson L, Hua T, Laragh J, McInnes GT, Mitchell L, Plat F, Schork A, Smith B, Zanchetti AOutcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. <i>Lancet 2004 Jun 19;363:2022-31</i> [PMID 15207952] </p> <p> <b>SCOPE, 2003 : </b> Saxby BK, Harrington F, Wesnes KA, McKeith IG, Ford GACandesartan and cognitive decline in older patients with hypertension: a substudy of the SCOPE trial. <i>Neurology 2008;70:1858-66</i> [PMID 18458219] 10.1212/01.wnl.0000311447.85948.78 </p> <p> <b>SCOPE, 2003 : </b> Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, Elmfeldt D, Hofman A, Olofsson B, Trenkwalder P, Zanchetti AThe Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. <i>J Hypertens 2003;21:875-86</i> [PMID 12714861] 10.1097/01.hjh.0000059028.82022.89 </p> <p> <b>LIFE, 2002 : </b> Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Kristiansson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel HCardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. <i>Lancet 2002 Mar 23;359:995-1003</i> [PMID 11937178] </p> <p> <b>IDNT (vs amlodipine), 2001 : </b> Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB, Ritz E, Atkins RC, Rohde R, Raz IRenoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. <i>N Engl J Med 2001;345:851-60</i> [PMID 11565517] </p> <p> <b>ONTARGET (association vs telmisartan), 2008 : </b> Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, Schumacher H, Dagenais G, Sleight P, Anderson CTelmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. <i>N Engl J Med 2008 Apr 10;358:1547-59</i> [PMID 18378520] </p> <p> <b>PROPHESS, 2008 : </b> Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL, Cotton D, Ounpuu S, Lawton WA, Palesch Y, Martin RH, Albers GW, Bath P, Bornstein N, Chan BP, Chen ST, Cunha L, Dahlöf B, De Keyser J, Donnan GA, Estol C, Gorelick P, Gu V, Hermansson K, Hilbrich L, Kaste M, Lu C, Machnig T, | <i>N Engl J Med 2008;359:1225-37</i> [PMID 18753639] 10.1056/NEJMoa0804593 </p> <p> <b>Jikei Heart DOUBLON, 2007 : </b> Mochizuki S, Dahlöf B, Shimizu M, Ikewaki K, Yoshikawa M, Taniguchi I, Ohta M, Yamada T, Ogawa K, Kanae K, Kawai M, Seki S, Okazaki F, Taniguchi M, Yoshida S, Tajima NValsartan in a Japanese population with hypertension and other cardiovascular disease (Jikei Heart Study): a randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint morbidity-mortality study. <i>Lancet 2007;369:1431-9</i> [PMID 17467513] </p> <p> <b>KYOTO HEART Study, 2009 : </b> Sawada T, Yamada H, Dahlöf B, Matsubara HEffects of valsartan on morbidity and mortality in uncontrolled hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: KYOTO HEART Study. <i>Eur Heart J 2009 Aug 31;:</i> [PMID 19723695] </p> <p> <b>Ruilope, 2010 : </b> Ruilope LM, Dukat A, Böhm M, Lacourcière Y, Gong J, Lefkowitz MPBlood-pressure reduction with LCZ696, a novel dual-acting inhibitor of the angiotensin II receptor and neprilysin: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, active comparator study. <i>Lancet 2010 Mar 15;:</i> [PMID 20236700] 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61966-8 </p> <p> <b>TROPHY, 2006 : </b> Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM, Weber MA, Michelson EL, Kaciroti N, Black HR, Grimm RH Jr, Messerli FH, Oparil S, Schork MAFeasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. <i>N Engl J Med 2006;354:1685-97</i> [PMID 16537662] 10.1056/NEJMoa060838 </p> <p> <b>ROADMAP, 2010 : </b> Ritz E, Viberti GC, Ruilope LM, Rabelink AJ, Izzo JL Jr, Katayama S, Ito S, Mimran A, Menne J, Rump LC, Januszewicz A, Haller HDeterminants of urinary albumin excretion within the normal range in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Randomised Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention (ROADMAP) study. <i>Diabetologia 2010;53:49-57</i> [PMID 19876613] 10.1007/s00125-009-1577-3 </p> <p> <b>ROADMAP, 2010 : </b> Haller H, Ito S, Izzo JL Jr, Januszewicz A, Katayama S, Menne J, Mimran A, Rabelink TJ, Ritz E, Ruilope LM, Rump LC, Viberti GOlmesartan for the delay or prevention of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. <i>N Engl J Med 2011 Mar 10;364:907-17</i> [PMID 21388309] </p> <p> <b>CASE-J, 2008 : </b> Ogihara T, Nakao K, Fukui T, Fukiyama K, Ueshima K, Oba K, Sato T, Saruta TEffects of candesartan compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan trial. <i>Hypertension 2008 Feb;51:393-8</i> [PMID 18172059] 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.098475 </p> <p> <b>OSCAR, 2011 : </b> Ogawa H, Kim-Mitsuyama S, Jinnouchi T, Matsui K, Arakawa KRationale, design and patient baseline characteristics of OlmeSartan and calcium antagonists randomized (OSCAR) study: a study comparing the incidence of cardiovascular events between high-dose angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) monotherapy and combination therapy of ARB with calcium channel blocker in Japanese elderly high-risk hypertensive patients (ClinicalTrials. gov no. NCT00134160). <i>Hypertens Res 2009;32:575-80</i> [PMID 19444280] 10.1038/hr.2009.60 </p> <p> <b>ALPINE, 2003 : </b> Lindholm LH, Persson M, Alaupovic P, Carlberg B, Svensson A, Samuelsson OMetabolic outcome during 1 year in newly detected hypertensives: results of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in a North of Sweden Efficacy Evaluation (ALPINE study). <i>J Hypertens 2003;21:1563-74</i> [PMID 12872052] 10.1097/01.hjh.0000084723.53355.76 </p> <p> <b>DETAIL, 2004 : </b> Barnett AH, Bain SC, Bouter P, Karlberg B, Madsbad S, Jervell J, Mustonen JAngiotensin-receptor blockade versus converting-enzyme inhibition in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. <i>N Engl J Med 2004;351:1952-61</i> [PMID 15516696] 10.1056/NEJMoa042274 </p> <p> <b>E-COST, 2005 : </b> Suzuki H, Kanno YEffects of candesartan on cardiovascular outcomes in Japanese hypertensive patients. <i>Hypertens Res 2005;28:307-14</i> [PMID 16138560] 10.1291/hypres.28.307 </p> <p> <b>E-COST-R, 2005 : </b> Nakamura T, Kanno Y, Takenaka T, Suzuki HAn angiotensin receptor blocker reduces the risk of congestive heart failure in elderly hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency. <i>Hypertens Res 2005;28:415-23</i> [PMID 16156505] 10.1291/hypres.28.415 </p> <p> <b>HIJ-CREATE, 2009 : </b> Kasanuki H, Hagiwara N, Hosoda S, Sumiyoshi T, Honda T, Haze K, Nagashima M, Yamaguchi J, Origasa H, Urashima M, Ogawa HAngiotensin II receptor blocker-based vs. non-angiotensin II receptor blocker-based therapy in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and hypertension: the Heart Institute of Japan Candesartan Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Coronary Artery Disease (HIJ-CREATE). <i>Eur Heart J 2009;30:1203-12</i> [PMID 19346521] 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp101 </p> <p> <b>IRMA 2, 2001 : </b> Parving HH, Lehnert H, Bröchner-Mortensen J, Gomis R, Andersen S, Arner PThe effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. <i>N Engl J Med 2001;345:870-8</i> [PMID 11565519] 10.1056/NEJMoa011489 </p> <p> <b>JIKEI, 2007 : </b> Mochizuki S, Dahlöf B, Shimizu M, Ikewaki K, Yoshikawa M, Taniguchi I, Ohta M, Yamada T, Ogawa K, Kanae K, Kawai M, Seki S, Okazaki F, Taniguchi M, Yoshida S, Tajima NValsartan in a Japanese population with hypertension and other cardiovascular disease (Jikei Heart Study): a randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint morbidity-mortality study. <i>Lancet 2007;369:1431-9</i> [PMID 17467513] 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60669-2 </p> <p> <b>Suzuki, 2008 : </b> Suzuki H, Kanno Y, Sugahara S, Ikeda N, Shoda J, Takenaka T, Inoue T, Araki REffect of angiotensin receptor blockers on cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis: an open-label randomized controlled trial. <i>Am J Kidney Dis 2008;52:501-6</i> [PMID 18653268] 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.04.031 </p> <p> <b>Takahashi, 2006 : </b> Takahashi A, Takase H, Toriyama T, Sugiura T, Kurita Y, Ueda R, Dohi YCandesartan, an angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker, reduces cardiovascular events in patients on chronic haemodialysis--a randomized study. <i>Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21:2507-12</i> [PMID 16766543] 10.1093/ndt/gfl293 </p>